Introduction About HTML
Whenever We are going to develop a website/web-based application. You must need about to know a particular language to developing a website. This language is HTML language. In this chapter, we will discuss the all basic and advanced terminology of HTML language and website developing tool with a step by step guide.
History:
Inventor: Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
HTML was developed by physicist Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991 but was not released officially, which was published in 1995 as HTML 2.0. HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999 and was a major version of HTML.
Introduction About HTML:
HTMLstands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is the most widely used language to develop Web Pages (Electronic documents) for a website.
Ø Hyper: Hypertext is a text that you click to jump from document to document. This means that every web page on the web we can interlink to each other.
Ø Text: Every instruction related to the webpage written in only text format on HTML documents.
Ø Markup: A markup language annotates or “marks up” the plain text and its formatting or structure that what is the look of web pages in the web browser. Markup Language always tells a web browser that how the structure of the web page it to display. The plain text is “marked up” with the tags in HMTL documents. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
Ø Language: This is also the same as a programming language that widely used to develop web pages. Generally, HTML is case-insensitive, but there are a few exceptions. Attribute values and Entity names (the things that follow ampersands) are case-sensitive, but many browsers will accept many of them entirely in uppercase or entirely in lowercase; a few must be cased in particular ways. The extension of HTML document is .htm or .html.
Example:
<b> Hello </b>
Or
<B> Hello </B>
Both are same.
Other Related Terminology:
Ø Web Page: A Web page (or HTML document) is a plain text file that has been encoded using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) so that it appears nicely formatted in a Web browser.
Example:index.html
Ø Website: A website is a collection of web pages and other web-based documents that is mostly access on the Internet.
Example:www.myanemone.comis a Domain name of website.
Ø Web Browser: A Web browseris an application software that is used to receive web pages (HTML documents) from a web server or from local storage and display the documents into multimedia web pages.
Example:Widely used web browser – Google chrome.
Ø Web Server: A web server is a node or server software or hardware that accepts all client requests from the client-side and after processing it send the response back to client machine on the World Wide Web. A web server contains one or more websites, web pages, other relative resources.
The primary function of a web server is to store, process, and deliver web pages to clients. The communication between client and server takes place using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Pages delivered are most frequently HTML documents (Web pages), which may include images, style sheets, and scripts in addition to the text content.
Example:Virtual Private Server (VPS).
An HTML Document is mainly divided into two parts:
Ø HEAD SECTION: This section of HTML document contains the mostly information about the HTML document. For Example, Title of the page, version of HTML, Meta Data etc.
Ø BODY SECTION: This section contains everything you want to display on the Web Page.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Title of the web page </title> </head> <body> Content of the web page </body> </html> |
Every Webpage must contain this code for a good layout of the web page. This is explanation of each of the tags used in the above structure of HTML document.
<!DOCTYPE html>: This tag is used to tells the HTML version. This currently tells that the version is HTML 5.
Ø <html>: This is called HTML root element and used to wrap all the code.
Ø <head>: Head tag contains metadata, title, page CSS, favicon linking, logo and important document linking etc. All the HTML elements that can be used inside the <head> elements are:
· <style>
· <title>
· <base>
· <noscript>
· <script>
· <meta>
We will discuss later in advanced HTML.
Ø <body>: Body tag is used to enclosed all the data which a web page has from texts to links. All of the content that you see rendered in the browser is contained within this element.
HTML Tags:
The code within an HTML file consists of text surrounded by tags. These tags indicate where the formatting or structure should be applied, how the layout should appear.
Example:
<b>Hello</b>
Output:
Hello
That’s an example of a two-sided tag (<> and </ >), which encloses text between the opening and closing tags, in this case <b> and </b>.
Opening/Starting tag (<>) - <b>
Closing/Ending tag(</ >) - </b>
* Note - The forward slash is used in the closing tag (</b>).
There are generally two types of tags in HTML:
1. Paired/Container Tags: These tags are having both opening (<>) and closing (</ >) tags.
Example: <head></head>
2. Singular/Empty Tags: These tags do not require to be closed. It has only opening (<>) tags.
Example:<br>
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